ارایه الگوی تحقق‌پذیری زیست‌پذیری در محیط‌های شهری (مورد مطالعه: شهر همدان)

Considering population growth, urban expansion, climate change, and issues related to water, pollution, and land subsidence, it is necessary to pay attention to urban livability in Hamedan. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to present a pattern for the feasibility of urban livability in Hamedan. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of method, which uses Corbin and Strauss's grounded theory. The statistical population consists of elites in the fields of urban planning, urban management, urban development, environment, and sustainable development. The sampling method was purposive sampling up to the theoretical saturation level, and 15 elites were used. The results of the study indicate that there are 6 selective codes, 34 axial codes, and 142 open codes.As a result, the realization of livability in the city of Hamedan requires attention to the contextual conditions (potential and geographical location, historical character and infrastructure), causal conditions (environmental, social and economic dimensions) and intervening conditions that, by using operational levers such as open spaces, sustainable transportation, education and health and land use, improve the quality of life and space and strengthen the sense of place. Policy-making and governance based on innovation and technology also play an important role in improving infrastructure, increasing open spaces and preserving the historical identity of the city of Hamedan, and synergizing the historical-cultural heritage and contemporary urban needs. Finally, the realization of livability in the city of Hamedan involves creating a balance between sustainable development, historical identity and technological governance.


 
Extended Abstract
 
Introduction
Meanwhile, Hamedan, as one of the important historical and cultural cities of the country, has faced environmental, social, and economic problems such as water supply, land subsidence, pollution, traffic, urban sprawl, growth of informal settlements, and informal economy, etc. At the same time, urban livability has been proposed as an important criterion for evaluating a city's ability to provide suitable conditions for a healthy, safe, and desirable life for its citizens. However, the lack of a comprehensive model for the realization of urban livability has reduced the efficiency of urban policies and programs, resulting in the failure to achieve sustainable development. Accordingly, it is necessary to present a model for the realization of urban livability in Hamedan, taking into account its multidimensional and complex dimensions, including social, economic, and environmental dimensions. Therefore, the present study seeks to present a livability model to fill the gap between theory and practice in the field of urban livability, and in this direction focuses on providing operational strategies and solutions.
 
Methodology
The present study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of method, using Corbin and Strauss's grounded theory. Corbin and Strauss's grounded theory method is an appropriate method for presenting a model of urban viability in Hamedan due to its flexibility and focus on field data. The statistical population consists of elites in the fields of urban planning, urban management, urban development, environment, and sustainable development. The sampling method was purposive sampling up to the theoretical saturation level, and 15 elites who had rich information about the research topic were used. In fact, the interviews continued until new data added significant information to the research findings. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. In addition, secondary documents and sources in the field of urban viability, such as existing sources and documents, were also used. Data analysis was conducted based on Strauss and Corbin's three-stage structure. The first stage is related to open coding. Accordingly, the raw data were divided into smaller units and primary codes were extracted. In other words, at this stage, the data were divided into primary concepts. The second stage is axial coding, in which the primary codes were aggregated into larger categories and the relationships between them were identified. In other words, at this stage, the concepts were organized around the main axes. The third stage is selective coding. On this basis, a central concept was selected that connected all the categories and relationships. In other words, the main concepts were identified that linked all the data. This process led to the development of a theoretical model for the realization of livability in the city of Hamedan.
 
Results and Discussion
The model for the realization of urban livability in Hamadan consists of background conditions, causal conditions, intervening conditions, pivotal components, strategies, and consequences or results. The most important background conditions for the realization of urban livability in Hamadan are: geographical potential, historical character, population structure, and infrastructure. The most important causal conditions for the realization of urban livability in Hamadan are: environmental, economic, and social. The most important pivotal components for the realization of urban livability in Hamadan are: cultural and leisure facilities, open spaces and parks, transportation, housing, education and health, community facilities, surrounding environment, and land use. The most important strategies for the realization of urban livability in Hamadan are: infrastructure and facilities, green spaces, preserving the city's identity and historical background, sustainable housing, security and safety, economic vitality, sense of community, educational and health facilities. The most important conditions for the realization of urban livability in Hamedan are: governance, and technology and innovation. The most important results for the realization of urban livability in Hamedan are: improving infrastructure and services, increasing green space per capita and environmental quality, preserving historical and cultural identity, developing technological infrastructure, green housing, sustainable urban security, economic development, a sense of place, and improving educational and health infrastructure.
Conclusion
The realization of urban livability in Hamedan requires a multidimensional and complex system. Background conditions such as potential and geographical location, historical character, and infrastructure provide a favorable context and a fundamental role for the realization of urban livability. In this regard, causal conditions provide the necessary stimuli for the realization of urban livability in Hamedan and require the adoption of a coordinated and integrated approach. In fact, urban livability requires simultaneous attention to environmental, social, and economic dimensions. Intervening conditions indicate the importance of policymaking, planning, and urban management based on technology and innovation in the realization of urban livability in Hamedan. Competent governance based on innovative technologies plays an important role in solving challenges and problems and facilitating the livability process. Pivotal components and strategies play a key role in the realization of urban livability in Hamedan. Components such as open spaces, sustainable transportation, education and health, and land use act as operational levers that directly affect the improvement of the quality of life of citizens. The strategies presented in the field of improving infrastructure, increasing open spaces, and preserving the historical identity of Hamedan city indicate the integration and combination of cultural and historical heritage with the needs of modern urban life. The realization of these strategies leads to the improvement of the quality of life of citizens, an increase in the sense of security, sustainable development, and an increase in the sense of place. Therefore, the realization of urban livability depends on integrated urban planning and attention to all components and strategies.